The Nine-Step Approach to Resource Efficiency

STEP 4: Assessment Phase – Data Gathering Phase 2

If the need for more detailed analysis or gathering of information has been identified in Phase 1 then a Material and Energy Flow Analysis of a system can identify the main areas of resource use and also waste generation. Flow analysis can involve waste, water, fuel, electricity and emissions audits. The input/output balance is based on the principle that 'what goes in must come out', observing flows, wastes and emissions.

The data must then be presented in a form that will maximise their usefulness. The types of tools which may be useful include:

• Indicators or key performance indicators (KPIs) e.g. water used per kilo of product, waste generated per employee
• Metrics - use of indicators to monitor performance e.g. electricity use per kilo of product over time
• Benchmarks can be generated for comparing performance with similar national or international businesses and can be used to identify best practice opportunities